endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. %PDF-1.6 % The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. 0 Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. 254 0 obj <> endobj Resume watching the video until Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Knowledge awaits. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. endstream endobj startxref The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. Scientists . Watch the . HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. %%EOF !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! But why werent there any tuskless males?. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. hb```lRB After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! 316 0 obj <>stream This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Let's Go! Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. %PDF-1.5 % Discover world-changing science. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. a. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Key Concepts. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . a. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. 0 Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Thanks for reading Scientific American. 415 0 obj <> endobj This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. %PDF-1.6 % Selection for Tuskless Elephants. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. 6. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. iU Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. endstream endobj startxref These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. 2. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. 255 0 obj <> endobj Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Thanks for reading Scientific American. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Description. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Answers may vary. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). 6. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. 318 0 obj <>stream Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. AQ` n& Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Total: 129 a. v0E H+1Q` d Introduction 482 0 obj <>stream Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. 2. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation.

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